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ar-2015-c2

2015 BB8

14/12/2015

2015 BB8

The Force Awakens is the first film in the Star Wars sequel trilogy, announced after The Walt Disney Company’s acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012. The film is produced by Abrams, his long-time collaborator Bryan Burk, and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy. Abrams co-wrote the film with Lawrence Kasdan, who co-wrote the original trilogy films The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi. Abrams and Kasdan rewrote an initial script by Michael Arndt. John Williams, composer and conductor of the previous six films, returns to compose the film score. Star Wars creator George Lucas served as creative consultant during the film’s early production stages. wikipedia

Toyota : Partner robot

03/12/2015

Toyota Motor Corp. is harboring big ambitions to become a significant player in the growing market for robots that help the elderly and other people get around in everyday life.  The company believes it can use its manufacturing expertise to become as crucial in a field it calls “partner robots” as it is to auto-making. Robotics engineers at Toyota currently number only 150 out of a worldwide staff of 300,000 but it is plowing money into research and development.   Article : Phys.org

2015 Fanuc / Prefered Networks Inc / deep learning

03/12/2015

Photographer: Tomohiro Ohsumi/Bloomberg A Fanuc industrial robot lifts a vehicle during a demonstration at the International Robot Exhibition in Tokyo. A yellow robotic arm pauses over a pile of metal cylinders, snaps a photo, then proceeds to confidently pick pieces out of the jumble. What’s impressive is that just eight hours ago, its bin-picking skills were about zero. Fanuc Corp. is showing off the first results of its partnership with artificial intelligence startup Preferred Networks Inc. at Tokyo’s International Robot Exhibition this week. The world’s largest maker of automation equipment is using so-called “deep learning” to enable machines that can acquire skills independently. Bloomberg article LINK Fanuc LINK Tokyo’s International Robot Exhibition LINK

2015 Cyberdyne

23/11/2015

CYBERDYNE Inc. is a venture firm which is established by Dr. Yoshiyuki Sankai, University of Tsukuba, Japan, in order to materialize his idea to utilize Robot Suit HAL® for the benefits of humankind in the field of medicine, caregiving, welfare, labor, heavy works, entertainment and so on. Robot Suit HAL® was developed with the technologies created in Sankai Laboratory of Tsukuba University as an application of “Cybernics*” advocated by Prof. Sankai. Cyberdyne LINK

2015 CMR Surgical System Prototype

20/11/2015

CMR’s modular system uses multiple collaborative robotic arms, which, sensitive to applied forces, mimic the movements of a surgeon and can be easily repositioned around an operating theatre. The system offers state-of-the-art 3D high-definition imagery, and also provides the surgeon with force feedback to assist in delicate procedures. LINK : CMEDROBOTICS

2015 Orders

19/11/2015

Researchers Teaching Robots How to Best Reject Orders from Humans Pretty straightforward, right? And it’s nice that obeying humans is in there at number two. Problem is, humans often act like idiots, and sometimes, obeying the second law without question is really not the best thing for a robot to do. Gordon Briggs and Matthias Scheutz, from Tufts University’s Human-Robot Interaction Lab, are trying to figure out how to develop mechanisms for robots to reject orders that it receives from humans, as long as the robots have a good enough excuse for doing so. Spectrum LINK

2015 Alan

19/11/2015

The first modular robot kit designed to explore android and human interactions. LINK kickstarter LINK website

2015-11 NASA gives Valkyrie to MIT

18/11/2015

NASA announced today that MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) is one of two university research groups nationwide that will receive a 6-foot, 290-pound humanoid robot to test and develop for future space missions to Mars and beyond. Phys.org LINK Spectrum LINK  

2015 Surena III

17/11/2015

Iranian researchers at the University of Tehran unveiled yesterday the latest generation of their humanoid robot, named Surena III. In a demonstration, the adult-sized robot walked across a stage, imitated a person’s arm gestures, and stood on one foot while bending backwards. LINK spectrum

2015 Our Robotic Children

16/11/2015

Our Robotic Children: The Ethics of Creating Intelligent Life Article : LINK

2015 Hasbro : Companion Pets

16/11/2015

JOY FOR ALL Companion Pet cats look, feel and sound like real cats. But they’re so much more than soft fur, soothing purrs and pleasant meows. Companion Pets respond to petting, hugging and motion much like the cats you know and love. This two-way give-and-take helps create a personally rich experience that can bring fun, joy and friendship to you and your loved ones ages 5 to 105. – Built-in sensors respond to motion and touch – Realistic, soft fur looks and feels like a real cat – Cat-like movements and sounds – VibraPurr sounds and feels like real purring – Batteries Included: 4 x 1.5V C Alkaline Batteries LINK : HASBRO

2015-10 Bosch – Bonirob robot set to make field work easier for farmers

17/10/2015

Farmers Weekly LINK

2015 Robohon

05/10/2015

2015 Robohon

The 19.5-centimeter (7.7-inch), 390 gram (0.9-pound) Robohon sports a 2-inch touchscreen, a quad-core CPU, and can connect to 3G, LTE, and wifi networks. It’s a robot that makes phone calls, shoots pictures and videos, and sends emails. Techinasia LINK Sharp Robohon LINK

2015 Junko Chihira

01/06/2015

2015 Junko Chihira

Junko Chihira. She’s a 165-centimeter tall (5’5”) android designed to resemble a 26-year-old Japanese woman. Junko made her public debut at a shopping center in Tokyo in October, where she greeted customers in Japanese, English, and Chinese. She’s also the poster child for Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe’s “Robot Revolution Initiative,” announced in May this year. The five-year plan, backed by a combination of 200 corporate entities and universities, seeks to increase the usage of robots in manufacturing, construction, healthcare, hospitality, and other sectors. Toshiba LINK Techinasia LINK  

2015 BOSTON DYNAMICS : Spot

11/02/2015

Robotics company Boston Dynamics has a new four-legged addition to its family: a 160-pound quadruped named Spot—and dude is impressive. In a short video posted yesterday, the Google-owned company shows Spot gallivanting with a weird equestrian hop through office corridors, up concrete stairs, and along rocky hills with little trouble. Spot even keeps his balance after being kicked by one of its human overlords. You can almost hear the canine whimper over the drone of his hydraulics. LINK website LINK : BostonDynamics

2015 Ava / Ex Machina

21/01/2015

2015 Ava / Ex Machina

  Ex Machina (stylized as ex_machina) is a 2015 British science fiction thriller film written and directed by Alex Garland. It stars Domhnall Gleeson, Alicia Vikander, Sonoya Mizuno and Oscar Isaac. Ex Machina tells the story of a programmer who is invited by his employer to administer the Turing test to an android with artificial intelligence. Made on a budget of $15 million, the film grossed over $36 million worldwide and received positive reviews. wikipedia

2014 Swarms

14/08/2014

The first thousand-robot flash mob has assembled at Harvard University. Harvard LINK

2014 Pepper

05/06/2014

2014 Pepper

Masayoshi Son, the CEO of Japanese wireless carrier SoftBank, introduced what he called the world’s first robot capable of recognizing human emotions at a press conference this afternoon. Named “Pepper,” the glossy-white, 120cm-tall humanoid robot will be sold to the general public starting next year. “When people are described as acting like a robot, it means they have no feeling or emotions – we start challenging this concept today,” Son announced. “Today is the first time in the history of robotics that we are putting emotion into the robot and giving it a heart.” Techinasia LINK Softbank LINK

2014 KAIST : Raptor

22/05/2014

Researchers have long been interested in fast-running robots with powerful, agile legs. In particular, several groups have focused on bio-inspired designs based on cheetahs. But when a team at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) set out to create a new sprinting robot, they didn’t look at big cats; instead, they found inspiration in a completely different kind of creature: a velociraptor. The robot, called Raptor, has two nimble legs and a mechanism that mimics a tail. In a recent experiment, it achieved an impressive speed of 46 kilometers per hour on a treadmill. LINK website LINK : KAIST

2014 EDI / Marco Tempest

06/05/2014

Marco Tempest uses charming stagecraft to demo EDI, the multi-purpose robot designed to work very closely with humans. Less a magic trick than an intricately choreographed performance, Tempest shows off the robot’s sensing technology, safety features and strength, and makes the case for a closer human-robot relationship. (Okay, there’s a little magic, too.) TED Talks LINK Marco Tempest LINK RethinkRobotics Baxter LINK    

2013 FESTO : BionicKangaroo

02/04/2014

We present the new salamander-like robot Pleurobot. Contrary to our previous bio-inspired approaches, in this new approach we make use of the recent advances in cineradiography to benefit from the advantages that a biomimetic design can offer. We recorded three-dimensional X-ray videos of salamanders, Pleurodeles waltl, walking on ground, walking underwater and swimming. Tracking up to 64 points on theanimal’s skeleton we were able to record three-dimensional movements of bones in great detail. Using optimization on all the recorded postures for the three gaits we deduced the number and position of active and passive joints needed for the robot to reproduce the animal movements in reasonable accuracy in three-dimensions. LINK website LINK : FESTO  

2014 Construction team

13/02/2014

Designing Collective Behavior in a Termite-Inspired Robotic Construction Team A team of computer scientists and engineers at Harvard University has created an autonomous robotic construction crew. The system needs no supervisor, no eye in the sky, no blueprint, and no communication: just simple robots—any number of robots—and a very smart algorithm. Harvard LINK

2014 Guy Hoffman / Robots with soul

17/01/2014

Guy Hoffman: Robots with “soul” What kind of robots does an animator / jazz musician / roboticist make? Playful, reactive, curious ones. Guy Hoffman shows demo film of his family of unusual robots — including two musical bots that like to jam with humans. (Filmed at TEDxJaffa) Guy Hoffman WEBSITE TED Talks LINK

2013 PLEUROBOT

28/11/2013

We present the new salamander-like robot Pleurobot. Contrary to our previous bio-inspired approaches, in this new approach we make use of the recent advances in cineradiography to benefit from the advantages that a biomimetic design can offer. We recorded three-dimensional X-ray videos of salamanders, Pleurodeles waltl, walking on ground, walking underwater and swimming. Tracking up to 64 points on theanimal’s skeleton we were able to record three-dimensional movements of bones in great detail. Using optimization on all the recorded postures for the three gaits we deduced the number and position of active and passive joints needed for the robot to reproduce the animal movements in reasonable accuracy in three-dimensions. LINK website

2013 Crabster

30/07/2013

The Crabster CR200, a huge six-legged underwater robot, took the plunge earlier this month for the first time. Developed at the Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), the Crabster is an alternative to propeller-driven remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), which are ill-equipped to deal with strong tidal currents in shallow seas. LINK : KIOST LINK website

2013 MITMECHE : Cheetah

01/05/2013

In a leap for robot development, the MIT researchers who built a robotic cheetah have now trained it to see and jump over hurdles as it runs — making this the first four-legged robot to run and jump over obstacles autonomously. To get a running jump, the robot plans out its path, much like a human runner: As it detects an approaching obstacle, it estimates that object’s height and distance. The robot gauges the best position from which to jump, and adjusts its stride to land just short of the obstacle, before exerting enough force to push up and over. Based on the obstacle’s height, the robot then applies a certain amount of force to land safely, before resuming its initial pace. LINK website LINK : MITmechE

2013 Diego-San

09/01/2013

His name is Diego-san. He was born at UCSD. He’s a baby robot. We had seen photos of him before, and we knew researchers were working hard to get it moving and doing other things that babies do. Now, for the first time, Diego-san shows off its face on video. Researchers at UCSD’s Machine Perception Laboratory, led by professor Javier Movellan, developed Diego-san to study cognitive and social development in infants. The humanoid robot is modeled after a 1-year-old baby, with its body built by Japanese animatronic company Kokoro and its head created by U.S. firm Hanson Robotics, specialized in ultra-realistichumanoid robots. Spectrum LINK Plos LINK

2012 David

30/05/2012

2012 David

Prometheus / David / Michael Fassbender David is an android that acts as the ship’s butler and maintenance man. It is designed to be indistinguishable from humans, and begins to develop “its own ego, insecurities, jealousy and envy”. Writer Damon Lindelof stated that the character provides a non-human perspective on the film’s events, and said, “what does the movie look like from the robot’s point of view? If you were to ask him, ‘What do you think about all of this? What’s going on? What do you think about these humans who are around you?’ Wouldn’t it be cool if we found a way for that robot to answer those questions?”. Fassbender said, “David’s views on the human crew are somewhat childlike. He is jealous and arrogant because he realizes that his knowledge is all-encompassing, and therefore he is superior to the humans. David wants to be acknowledged and praised for his brilliance”. Wiki LINK

2011 CURIOSITY MARS ROVER

26/12/2011

Technology development makes missions possible. Each Mars mission is part of a continuing chain of innovation. Each relies on past missions for proven technologies and contributes its own innovations to future missions. This chain allows NASA to push the boundaries of what is currently possible, while still relying on proven technologies. LINK : NASA  

2011 FESTO : SmartBird

25/07/2011

Festo’s SmartBird robotic seagull is barely four months old, but already it’s flown (or we should probably assume, been flown) from Germany to Edinburgh for the 2011 TEDGlobal conference. Festo’s Markus Fischer, the SmartBird project leader, presented a short talk about SmartBird, along with a couple live demonstrations of the robot, complete with a few friendly dive-bombings. LINK website LINK : FESTO LINK : TED

2010 Valkyrie

10/12/2010

NASA / Valkyrie The space agency’s new Valkyrie — a 6 foot 2 inch tall (1.9 meters) robot with a glowing NASA logo on its chest — bears an uncanny resemblance to Marvel’s superhero Iron Man, but this space age automaton was built for work, not comic book heroics. A team of engineers at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Tex., designed and built Valkyrie in just nine months, according to press reports. Space.com LINK

2010 NPR-4

07/12/2010

The Robotics Division has a unique background and expertise in the fields of aeronautical, mechanical, control, and electrical engineering whilst diversifying cutting-edge technologies and knowledge accumulated in such fields into a wide variety of industries. The humanoid robot has been developed in collaboration with the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), an independent administrative legal entity, which assumes responsibility for total specification design while Kawada focuses upon the handling of the robot hardware and the fabrication of the robots themselves. Kawada Robotics LINK

2010 Telenoid

16/10/2010

2010 Telenoid

The Telenoid R1 is a human-like remote controlled android created by Japanese roboticist Hiroshi Ishiguro. The R1 model, released in August 2010, is approximately 80 cm tall, weighs 5 kg and is made out of silicone rubber. The primary usage of the Telenoid R1 is an audio and movement transmitter through which people can relay messages over long distances. The purpose is for the user to feel as though they are communicating with a far-away acquaintance. Cameras and microphones capture the voice and movements of an operator which are projected through the Telenoid R1 to the user. Wikipedia LINK Geminoid LINK Techinasia LINK .  

2009 Gerty

23/12/2009

2009 Gerty

Moon is a 2009 British science fiction drama film co-written and directed by Duncan Jones. The film follows Sam Bell (Sam Rockwell), a man who experiences a personal crisis as he nears the end of a three-year solitary stint mining helium-3 on the far side of the Moon. It was the feature debut of director Duncan Jones. Kevin Spacey voices Sam’s robot companion, GERTY. Wiki LINK

2009 NPR-4c ‘Miim’

16/03/2009

The HRP-4C, nicknamed Miim, is a feminine-looking humanoid robot created by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), a Japanese research facility. Miim measures 158 centimetres (5 feet, 2 inches) tall and weighs 43 kilos (95 pounds) including a battery pack. She has a realistic head and face, and the figure of an average young Japanese female (based on the 1997–1998 Japanese body dimension database). She can move like a human, utilizing 30 body motors and another eight dedicated to facial expressions. Miim can also respond to speech using speech recognition software, and is capable of recognizing ambient sounds.[1] Miim can also sing, using the vocal synthesizer Vocaloid.[2] The software that operates the robot is developed on the basis of Open Robotics Platform (OpenRTP), including OpenRTM-aist and OpenHRP3. AIST (Japan) LINK Wiki LINK

2007 NAO

15/08/2007

Nao (pronounced now) is an autonomous, programmable humanoid robot developed by Aldebaran Robotics, a French robotics company headquartered in Paris. The robot’s development began with the launch of Project Nao in 2004. On 15 August 2007, Nao replaced Sony’s robot dog Aibo as the robot used in the RoboCup Standard Platform League (SPL), an international robot soccer competition. The Nao was used in RoboCup 2008 and 2009, and the NaoV3R was chosen as the platform for the SPL at RoboCup 2010. LINK : wikipedia LINK : ALDEBARAN  

2006 Actroid-DER2

16/10/2006

2006 Actroid-DER2

Actroid is a type of android (humanoid robot) with strong visual human-likeness developed by Osaka University and manufactured by Kokoro Company Ltd. (the animatronics division of Sanrio). It was first unveiled at the 2003 International Robot Exhibition in Tokyo, Japan. Several different versions of the product have been produced since then. In most cases, the robot’s appearance has been modeled after an average young woman of Japanese descent. Kokoro’s website describes Actroid-DER2 as “even cuter than her older sister” – a reference to the original Actroid-DER. “Her most attractive feature is her long legs,” the company writes. “Her astonishingly small face is capable of creating exotic facial expressions. Her girlish and cute gestures are also polished.” Kokoro LINK Techinasia LINK Wikipedia LINK

2005 Marvin

28/04/2005

2005 BOSTON DYNAMICS : BigDog

11/02/2005

BigDog is a rough-terrain robot that walks, runs, climbs and carries heavy loads. BigDog is powered by an engine that drives a hydraulic actuation system. BigDog has four legs that are articulated like an animal’s, with compliant elements to absorb shock and recycle energy from one step to the next. BigDog is the size of a large dog or small mule; about 3 feet long, 2.5 feet tall and weighs 240 lbs. LINK website LINK : BostonDynamics

2004 Darwin / Robotis

07/12/2004

DARWIN-OP which stands for Dynamic Anthropomorphic Robot with Intelligence–Open Platform is a miniature-humanoid robot platform with advanced computational power, sophisticated sensors, high payload capacity, and dynamic motion ability developed and manufactured by Korean robot manufacturer ROBOTIS in collaboration with Virginia Tech, Purdue University,and University of Pennsylvania. DARWIN-OP has twenty degrees of freedom [20 DOF] each controlled by a DYNAMIXEL MX-28T[2] servo motor. The MX-28T has a stall torque of 24 kgf·cm (at 12 V, 1.5 A) and a 360 degree range of motion. With the release of the ROBOTIS OP2, the name of DARwIn-OP has also changed. [1] DARWIN-OP’s main purpose is for research and programmers in the fields of humanoid, artificial intelligence, gait algorithm, vision, inverse kinematics, linguistics, etc… It is also supported by $1.2 million NSF grant and has been distributed to over 14 institutions already. Wiki LINK Botmag LINK Robotis LINK Robot Source LINK

2004 Cylon

18/10/2004

2004 Cylon

Cylon is a fictional artificially-intelligent ‘collective’ of robotic beings. Because of a special set of programs Zoe Graystone wrote, creating a digital image of her very existence, the Cylon’s as individuals achieve ‘cognizance’ – i.e. are able to ask who and what they are – why they exist, and based on that programming, they start out life each believing in a god – the same God Zoe worshiped. And further that they were created by Man as an action of God and that they are equal or superior to Man because of this. wikipedia

2004 PARO : Therapeutic Robot

17/09/2004

PARO is an advanced interactive robot developed by AIST, a leading Japanese industrial automation pioneer. It allows the documented benefits of animal therapy to be administered to patients in environments such as hospitals and extended care facilities where live animals present treatment or logistical difficulties. wikipedia LINK : PAROROBOTS

2013 ATLAS

03/10/2003

Atlas is an anthropomorphic robot designed to operate on rough terrain. The video shows Atlas balancing as it walks on rocky terrain and when pushed from the side. The balance and control system places the feet and swings the arms and upper body to stay upright. The controller uses inertial, kinematic and load data from Atlas’s sensors. Atlas is being developed by Boston Dynamics with funding from DARPA’s M3 program. LINK website LINK : BOSTON DYNAMICS  

2001 David / Teddy

29/06/2001

2001 David / Teddy

A.I. Artificial Intelligence, also known as A.I., is a 2001 American science fiction film directed, written, and co-produced by Steven Spielberg, based on the screen story by Ian Watson and based on the 1969 short story “Super-Toys Last All Summer Long” by Brian Aldiss. The film was produced by Kathleen Kennedy, Spielberg and Bonnie Curtis. It stars Haley Joel Osment, Jude Law, Frances O’Connor, Brendan Gleeson and William Hurt. Set in a futuristic and post-climate change 22nd century, A.I. tells the story of David (Joel Osment), a childlike android uniquely programmed with the ability to love. Wiki LINK

1999 Bicentennial Man

17/12/1999

Bicentennial Man is a 1999 American science fictioncomedy-drama film starring Robin Williams, Sam Neill, Embeth Davidtz (in a dual role), Wendy Crewson, and Oliver Platt. Based on the novel The Positronic Man, co-written by Isaac Asimov and Robert Silverberg, which is itself based on Asimov’s original novella titled The Bicentennial Man, the plot explores issues of humanity, slavery, prejudice, maturity,intellectual freedom, conformity, sex, love, and mortality. The film, a co-production between Touchstone Pictures and Columbia Pictures, was directed by Chris Columbus. The title comes from the main character existing to the age of two hundred years, and Asimov’s novella was published in the year that the U.S. had its bicentennial. wikipedia

1999 Bender

28/03/1999

1999 Bender

Bender Bending Rodríguez, Sr., designated Bending Unit 22 and known as Bender, is one of the main characters in Futurama. He was made in Tijuana, serial number 2716057, Mexico in 2996. Bender drinks copious amounts of alcohol to recharge his fuel cells, while displaying symptoms similar to intoxication when he stops. When he burps, fire comes out of his mouth. He gambles, smokes cigars, consorts with hooker bots, has 100,000 terabytes of porn on his hard drive, and is constantly trying to gain attention to boost his already over-inflated ego. LINK

1997 ASIMO

01/01/1997

You’re looking at Honda’s brand new ASIMO robot, which was just unveiled today in Japan. While the new ASIMO’s appearance is similar to the version of ASIMO that we’ve come to know and love, there are some key differences inside that promise to make this generation more autonomous and capable than ever. LINK website LINK : HONDA

1986 Bishop / Aliens

18/07/1986

1981 Marvin the paranoid android

05/01/1981

1979 Ash / Alien

25/05/1979

1978 Cylon

17/09/1978

1978 Cylon

Battlestar Galactica is an American science fiction television series, created by Glen A. Larson, that began the Battlestar Galactica franchise. Starring Lorne Greene, Richard Hatch and Dirk Benedict, it ran for one season in 1978–79. After cancellation, its story was briefly continued in 1980 as Galactica 1980 with Adama, Lieutenant Boomer (now a colonel) and Boxey (now called Troy) being the only continuing characters. Books have been written continuing the stories. wikipedia

1977 C-3PO

25/05/1977

1977 R2D2

25/05/1977

1972 Huey Dewey Louie / Silent Running

10/03/1972

1972 Huey Dewey Louie / Silent Running

In the future all plant life on Earth has become extinct. A few specimens have been preserved in enormous, greenhouse-like geodesic domes attached to a fleet ofAmerican Airlines space freighters, currently just outside the orbit of Saturn. Freeman Lowell (Bruce Dern), one of four crewmen aboard the Valley Forge, is the resident botanist and ecologist who carefully preserves a variety of plants for their eventual return to Earth and the reforestation of the planet. Lowell spends most of his time in the domes, both cultivating the crops and attending to the animal life. wikipedia

1966 Cybermen

04/12/1966

1966 Cybermen

The Cybermen were originally created by Dr Kit Pedler and Gerry Davis in 1966. Dr Kit Pedler was a medical researcher at London University and became Doctor Who’s unofficial scientific advisor, he helped create the idea of the Cybermen as well as writing the first few stories. The Cybermen originally appeared in the first Doctor’s (William Hartnell) final story. The producers hoped that the Cybermen would match the success of the Daleks and become the Doctors new main enemy. LINK

1962 Robert the robot

28/10/1962

1962 Robert the robot

Robert the Robot When the futuristic children’s program Fireball XL5 rose to fame in the UK in 1962, the automated Robert also got his share of the limelight. The see-through robot made from thermoplastic acrylic resin was created by Professor Matic in the year 2062, the fictional time-setting of the series. Article :  LINK

1956 Robby the robot

15/03/1956

1951 GORT

28/09/1951

The Day the Earth stood still : LINK

1927 Maria / Maschinenmensch

10/01/1927